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A CSS (cascading style sheet) file allows you to separate your web sites (X)HTML content from it’s style. As always you use your (X)HTML file to arrange the content, but all of the presentation (fonts, colors, background, borders, text formatting, link effects & so on…) are accomplished within a CSS.
At this point you have some choices of how to use the CSS, either internally or externally.
Internal Stylesheet
First we will explore the internal method. This way you are simply placing the CSS code within the tags of each (X)HTML file you want to style with the CSS. The format for this is shown in the example below.External Stylesheet
Next we will explore the external method. An external CSS file can be created with any text or HTML editor such as “Notepad” or “Dreamweaver”. A CSS file contains no (X)HTML, only CSS. You simply save it with the .css file extension. You can link to the file externally by placing one of the following links in the head section of every (X)HTML file you want to style with the CSS file.“Path To stylesheet.css” />
Or you can also use the @import method as shown belowEither of these methods are achieved by placing one or the other in the head section as shown in example below.
By using an external style sheet, all of your (X)HTML files link to one CSS file in order to style the pages. This means, that if you need to alter the design of all your pages, you only need to edit one .css file to make global changes to your entire website.
Here are a few reasons this is better.
- Easier Maintenance
- Reduced File Size
- Reduced Bandwidth
- Improved Flexibility
Cascading Order
In the previous paragraphs, I have explained how to link to a css file either internally or externally. If you understood, than I am doing a good job. If not don’t fret, there is a long way to go before we are finished. Assuming you have caught on already, you are probably asking, well can I do both? The answer is yes. You can have both internal, external, and now wait a minute a third way? Yes inline styles also.Inline Styles
I have not mentioned them until now because in a way they defeat the purpose of using CSS in the first place. Inline styles are defined right in the (X)HTML file along side the element you want to style. See example below.Some red text
Some red text
Inline styles will NOT allow the user to change styles of elements or text formatted this waySo, which is better?
So with all these various ways of inserting CSS into your (X)HTML files, you may now be asking well which is better, and if I use more than one method, in what order do these different ways load into my browser?All the various methods will cascade into a new “pseudo” stylesheet in the following order:
- Inline Style (inside (X)HTML element)
- Internal Style Sheet (inside the tag)
- External Style Sheet
Choosing between the & the @import methods are completely up to you. I will mention that the @import method may take a second longer to read the CSS file in Internet Explorer than the option. To combat this see Flash of unstyled content
Users with Disabilities
The use of external style sheets also can benefit users that suffer from disabilities. For instance, a user can turn off your stylesheet or substitute one of there own to increase text size, change colors and so on. For more information on making your website accessible to all users please read Dive into accessibilityPower Users
Swapping stylesheets is beneficial not only for users with disabilities, but also power users who are particular about how they read Web documents.Browser Issues
You will discover as you delve farther into the world of CSS that all browsers are not created equally, to say the least. CSS can and will render differently in various browsers causing numerous headaches.thanks for your visit
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